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III. Physiology 2. The neurotransmitter

2. Presentation of neurotransmitters

The * monoamine neurotransmitters are a class of very important, especially in depression. There are two subclasses:
* -catecholamines: dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline *
-serotonin or 5HT (for 5-hydroxytryptamine)
In neurons by which pass these neurotransmitters, there is an enzyme, monoamine oxidase (MAO) which degrades naturally monoamines.
(see treatment).

Presentation of catecholamines

Dopamine

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter synthesized from tyrosine *. * The brain dopaminergic systems are closely associated with alertness, pleasure-seeking and active avoidance of punishment (flight or fight).

In humans, the decreased activity of dopamine neurons in some brain region results in decreased reflexes. There is a dopaminergic activity low decrease in motor activity and initiative, decreased motivation.

In summary, dopamine creates a fertile ground in search of pleasure or excitement, the alert status, sexual desire. Conversely, when the synthesis or release of dopamine is impaired, one can see a motivation or depression.

Norepinephrine

Norepinephrine is synthesized from tyrosine as for dopamine.
Norepinephrine stimulates the release of fat storage, and controls the release of hormones that regulate fertility *, libido, appetite and metabolism. Norepinephrine also modulates attention and learning.

In conclusion, norepinephrine appears to create a breeding ground for enlightenment, learning, sociability, sensitivity to signals emotional, sexual desire. Conversely, when the synthesis or release of noradrenaline is impaired, may appear withdrawal, detachment, lack of motivation, depression, decreased libido.

Presentation of serotonin

Serotonin is involved in several physiological functions such as sleep, aggression, eating behavior, sexual and in depression. This is the main neurotransmitter involved in depression since we have already seen that depression was often characterized by disturbances of these functions.

Serotonin is manufactured in serotonergic neurons *. Decreased activity of these neurons is associated with various forms of depression, particularly those whose suicidal thoughts persist until the transition is assumed to act so its involvement in the pulses.

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