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III. Physiology 3. Stress

Hypothesis on the involvement of cortisol in the decrease of serotonin

is the hypothalamus * which reacts primarily in response to stress by secreting hormones (corticotropin * or TSH and vasopressin *) which then activate the secretion of ACTH * (adrenocorticotropic hormone ) by the pituitary *. The active ACTH in turn adrenocortical glands * that synthesize and secrete cortisol . The cortisol then activates a release of energy that can cope with stress.

After the alert, the cortisol binds to receptors in the pituitary and the hypothalamus slowing the release of corticotropin and vasopressin, thus decreasing the production of cortisol.

But depressed patients, it seems that it there is a decrease of cortisol receptors in the pituitary and hypothalamus . The cortisol no longer has the role of inhibitor and the individual remains on alert.

accumulation resulting cortisol has toxic effects on cortisol degrades too much of neurons, and inhibits the production of new (or memory and learning among others are the creation of new neurons and new paths nervous ) , and also decreases the concentration of L.tryptophane * Required for the production of serotonin.

Review

The biological impact of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine or dopamine is still unclear at the understanding of depressive syndromes or schizophrenia, although there is a relationship between norepinephrine and psychomotor activity on the one hand, and between serotonin and anxiety on the other. Significant changes in the amount of norepinephrine were also observed in some depressions. However, today the sole interest of the biological exploration could be the orientation of antidepressants polarity noradrenergic (norepinephrine very disturbed) or to serotonergic antidepressants polarity (normal levels of norepinephrine).

Conclusion

The brain function, mood and behavior are likely to have a link. Stress, in particular, has a significant role in depression, either through the HPA axis or axis catecholaminergic . But research in this area are still ongoing, and can not yet identify all the causes and not all the physiological effects of depression since we said earlier that more than half of the depressions are due largely stress, but not all. Again we do not know if these observations of depressed individuals are due to their mood or whether these are chemical imbalances that lead to these moods.
However, many drugs act on these characteristics, close clinical supervision.

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